Operating Room Light Fixtures Part Ⅰ

1.Brief introduction

Good hospital lighting design is a complex system engineering.

In order to maintain a good and stable operating room light environment, the operating room should be protected from direct sunlight, preferably facing north, or shaded by colored glass to facilitate artificial lighting.

Operating room artificial lighting is divided into general lighting, operating table accent lighting, viewing light lighting, signal lighting, etc. The first part of the article first introduces the knowledge that general lighting needs to know.

2. Illumination selection

The general lighting level of the operating room is not less than 500lx, and it is recommended to use between 750-1500lx for new hospitals, and the vertical illuminance is not less than 1/2 of the horizontal illuminance.

3. The choice of light source

Because the general lighting illumination requirements of the operating room are relatively high, the installation position of the lights is often limited by the number and location of the supply air vents and other equipment, which requires not only the specified high illumination intensity, but also the number of lights and lanterns. It should be limited to an appropriate range, while taking into account the requirements for energy saving of operating room air conditioners.

The heat generated by the bulb should be as small as possible. It is recommended to use an LED light source. Since the LED is a cold light source, there is almost no temperature rise in the room, so the patient does not feel uncomfortable, and at the same time, the risk of dehydration caused by the light source is avoided.

In addition, it can also appropriately reduce the energy consumption of indoor air conditioners.

The color rendering of general lighting sources in the operating room should be close to natural light, and should be between 4000 and 5000K. Usually, the color rendering index Ra≥90.

4. Limit stroboscopic and electromagnetic pollution

Conventional magnetic ballasts should not be used for general lighting in operating rooms.

lights powered by traditional magnetic ballasts will flicker 100 times per second for a 50Hz network due to the influence of the zero-crossing of the alternating current in the network.

Doctors perform intense work under this ever-changing stroboscopic light source, and the visual system needs to constantly adjust the size of the eye pupil to ensure the stability of retinal illumination and imaging clarity.

Working for a long time will inevitably make the pupillary sphincter tired due to overuse, which will not only bring adverse effects on surgery, but also cause certain damage to the doctor’s vision.

At the same time, the AC buzzing phenomenon of traditional magnetic ballasts can also interfere with surgery.

Traditional magnetic ballasts also have unfavorable factors such as high power consumption and low power factor, and the light efficiency of lights powered by them is also low.

AC electronic ballast is a new type of rectifier composed of rectifier filter, high frequency oscillation and rectifier coil protection circuit.

Since the power frequency is greatly increased to 55kHz, even 80kHz, 100kHz super audio, the flicker frequency of the lights is correspondingly increased to the area where the human eye is not sensitive, which alleviates the stroboscopic effect, and at the same time completely eliminates the bee Noise interference greatly reduces power consumption and improves the power factor of lights.

Electronic ballasts have strong starting ability under low voltage and have great advantages.

But unfortunately, the ultra-high frequency of this kind of ballast also brings another adverse effect, that is, the electromagnetic interference generated by high-frequency oscillation, that is to say, the higher the power frequency, the more serious the electromagnetic radiation phenomenon.

With the development of contemporary medical technology, the number of sophisticated electronic medical equipment used in operating rooms is increasing day by day. The impact of electromagnetic interference from many electronic ballasts on the normal use of these equipment cannot be ignored.

For example, in thoracic surgery, when a patient is equipped with a pacemaker and other equipment, it may also be dangerous due to the influence of electromagnetic interference.

In summary, to solve these two problems, it is recommended to use LED light source lights.

Because the LED work mode is driven by an external or built-in power supply, it does not need to involve a ballast, so it can effectively solve the problem of stroboscopic.

Good quality LED lights can be almost flicker-free.

In addition, the use of high-end isolated power supply can effectively reduce the electromagnetic interference of lights and lanterns for precision instruments and prolong their life.

5. Selection, installation and control of lights

In order to prevent the accumulation of bacteria and dust and maintain a clean working environment, attention should be paid to the selection and installation of operating room lighting fixtures:

(1) The exterior shape of the light should be simple, not easy to accumulate dust, and easy to wipe.

Generally, ordinary grille lights are not used, but closed lights with an isolation cover are used, which not only has a dust-proof effect, but also can suppress glare.

(2) The lights in the operating room should not be suspended, and should be installed on the ceiling.

At this time, the joint between the light and the ceiling should be reliably sealed to prevent dust particles or bacteria from infiltrating along the gap.

However, in the laminar flow clean operating room, in order to avoid protruding and uneven dust accumulation, the lighting fixtures should be fully embedded in the ceiling during installation.

At this time, in addition to the reliable sealing of the installation gap, it should be noted that the structure of the light must be easy to clean, and it is convenient to replace the light and repair and maintain it under the ceiling.

(3) The general lighting fixtures in the operating room are evenly arranged on the ceiling around the surgical shadowless light.

Attention should be paid to the close cooperation with the construction and equipment professions, and to avoid facilities such as air vents.

The illuminance uniformity of general lighting should not be as low as 0.7.

In order to maintain the coordination with the illuminance of the shadowless light, the general lighting fixtures in the operating room should adopt a dimmable control method.

In addition, due to the particularity of the hospital operating room environment, LED purification lights with functions such as sterilization and air purification can also be selected.

In addition to the advantages of LED lights, this light is coated with nano-photocatalyst materials, which can generate photocatalytic reactions similar to photosynthesis under the irradiation of light, and generate free hydroxyl groups and active hydrogen with strong oxidizing ability.

It has a strong photohydrogenation reduction function, which can oxidatively decompose various organic compounds and some inorganic substances.

It can destroy the cell membrane of bacteria and solidify the protein of virus, kill bacteria and decompose organic pollutants, and decompose organic pollutants into pollution-free water and carbon dioxide.

Therefore, it has the functions of strong sterilization, deodorization, mildew prevention, antifouling and self-cleaning, and air purification.