Lighting Standards for Tennis Courts

Lighting Standards for Tennis Courts

Tennis was conceived in France and originated in England in the 19th century. It began to develop rapidly around the world in the 20th century. It is a beautiful and full of competitive sport, and its unique charm has been loved by the world. Tennis and golf enjoy the title of “Noble Sports” together. With the widespread development of tennis and the increasing frequency of competitions, it is of course impossible without uniform rules. So in 1876, some famous tennis clubs in some regions sent representatives to meet together to study and discuss the formulation of a unified national tennis rule. After many consultations, the representatives of all parties finally reached a consensus on the tennis venue, equipment, play style and competition, and formed a unified rule. After about 1878, most of the British tennis clubs gradually carried out activities, training and competitions in accordance with the new style of play.

A high-level tennis match is inseparable from a good lighting environment, high-quality LED lamps, reasonable arrangement, scientific light-emitting angles and appropriate brightness, etc., to ensure that athletes play a good competitive level on the court, and at the same time. Ensure that referees clearly see the game on the court and make accurate judgments. For spectators, good lighting conditions can greatly improve the viewing of the game.

The Size of Tennis court

The tennis court is a rectangular field. There are two standard sizes of tennis courts. One is a singles tennis court. Its standard size is 23.77 meters in length and 8.23 meters in width. The other is a doubles tennis court. Its standard size is 23.77 meters in length and 10.97 meters in width.

And leave room behind each end line and side line, the end line free space is not less than 6.40 meters, the side line free space is not less than 3.66 meters. The middle is separated by a ball net hung on a rope or wire rope with a maximum diameter of 0.8 cm.

The mainstream tennis court ground is a flexible acrylic court with no obstacles. The tennis court also has plastic, red clay, artificial grass and wooden floors. Regardless of whether it is a wooden floor or a synthetic material floor, it must be ensured that the athletes do not feel too slippery or sticky during the game, and have a certain degree of flexibility. But pay attention to the level of the ground to prevent injuries.

Types of Tennis Courts

Tennis courts can be divided into outdoor and indoor, and there are various court surfaces. It will be determined by economic factors. For example, lawn tennis is the most basic outdoor court, but its establishment and maintenance costs are too expensive, so it is now replaced by artificial courts, which are cheaper and easier to maintain. There is another kind of clay court that is popular in Europe, the French Open is such a court.

Grass field

The grass court is the oldest and most traditional venue. Its characteristic is that the friction between the ball and the ground is small when the ball lands, the ball rebounds fast, and the player’s reaction, agility, running speed and skills are very high.

Therefore, grass is often regarded as the world of “offensive tennis.” Various aggressive tactics such as serving and surfing the Internet are almost regarded as a magic weapon for winning on grass tennis courts, while bottom-line players are difficult on grass tennis courts. achieved.

However, due to the extremely high requirements for grass characteristics and specifications of grass courts, coupled with climate restrictions and high maintenance and maintenance costs, it is difficult to be popularized all over the world. At present, the few lawn professional tennis tournaments each year are almost all held on the British Isles, and the time is concentrated in June and July. The Wimbledon Championship is one of the oldest and most prestigious.

Clay field

To be more precise, it is a “soft court”, the most typical representative of which is the French Open on clay courts. In addition, all kinds of common sand, mud, etc. can be called soft grounds.

The characteristic of this kind of court is that there is greater friction between the ball and the ground when it lands, and the ball speed is slow. Players will have a lot of room for sliding when running, especially when they stop and return. This determines that the players must have more Better physical fitness, running and movement abilities, and more tenacious will quality on other fields.

A match on this kind of venue is a great test for players’ bottom-line stubbornness. Players generally have to pay several times the sweat and patience to deal with opponents on the bottom line. The winners are often not fierce serve net players, but fierce serve net players. The side struggling hard on the bottom line.

Hard court

Most modern games are played on hard courts, which is also the most common and common kind of venue. Hard court tennis courts are generally pavement made of cement and asphalt. They are coated with red and green plastic surfaces. The surface is flat and hard. The ball bounces very regularly, but the ball rebounds quickly.

Many excellent tennis players believe that hard court tennis is more “explosive” and that hard courts dominate in tennis matches and must be paid special attention to. It should be noted that hard courts are not as flexible as other courts. The reaction of the ground is strong and rigid, so it is easy to cause damage to players, and this damage has caused many excellent tennis players to pay a great price.

Carpet field

As the name suggests, this is a “portable” roll-up tennis court. Its surface is a plastic surface layer, nylon woven surface layer, etc. It is usually bonded to a certain strength and hardness of asphalt, cement, and concrete bases with special glue. On the ground.

Some can even be directly spread or glued on any supporting ground. They are

easy to roll, suitable for transportation and very adaptable, and can be used indoors, outdoors, and even on the roof.

The speed of the ball depends on the flatness of the field surface and the roughness of the carpet surface. The maintenance of this kind of site is also very simple, as long as the ground is kept clean, free from damage and no accumulation of water (for supporting the corresponding drainage facilities).

Marking method

1) Steps for marking a field for both singles and doubles

First select the position of the net, draw a straight line (reference line) with a length of 12.8 meters, mark X at the midpoint, and then measure from this point to both sides. The fixed points are as follows

Points A and B are each 4.11 meters from the midpoint X, where the net intersects the singles sideline. Points n and n are the positions of singles pillars, each X5.03 meters from the midpoint. Points A and B are each 5.49 meters from the midpoint X, where the net intersects the doubles sideline. Points N and N are the positions of the doubles net posts, each with a distance of 6.40 meters from the midpoint.

Add nails to points A and B, and connect them to one end of a measuring ruler respectively, from point A to 16.18 meters into the AC line (half-court diagonal), and from point B to 11.89 meters to the BC line (half-court sideline), Then tighten the AC and BC lines so that the two lines intersect at point C, which is a corner of the half court. Reverse measurement can find another corner D point.

Whether the above operation is accurate, you can check the length of the CD line, this end line should be 10.97 meters long. At the same time, the midpoint J and the singles sideline can be marked. The points c and d are 1.37 meters away from the points C and D respectively. The points F, H, G of the center line and the service line can be drawn at 6.40 meters from the net on the bc, XJ, and ad lines. Use the same method to draw the court on the other side of the net.

2) Steps for marking the singles venue

A, b, c, d, and the outer lines do not need to be drawn. You can also add nails at a and b to connect to a measuring ruler instead of A and B. Use the lengths of 14.46 meters and 11.89 meters to find the two corners c and d of the singles end line. The post is at n and n, and a 10-meter long singles net should be used. To

3) For both singles and doubles courts, if a doubles net is hung during singles, two 1.07-meter-high pillars must be used to support the net at n and n. The diameter or side length of the pillars shall not exceed 7.5 cm. The center should be 0.914 meters away from the outer edge of the singles sideline. These two net posts are called “single pillars”. In order to facilitate the placement of singles pillars, points n and n on the court should be marked with white dots.

Tennis Court Illumination Standard

When using light poles for clubs and outdoor venues, especially clubs and personal entertainment venues, because clubs have to hold a higher level of tennis matches, not only requires good lighting in the venue, but also requires enough space in a certain height above the venue. The brightness. Therefore, the height of the light pole of a single outdoor tennis court in the club (official competition) must ensure that the installation distance of the lowest luminaire is at least 12m; (two venues are 15m; three venues are 18m), and a single tennis court for general entertainment , The height of the poles is at least 8m; (two for 11m; three for 14m), the poles are arranged outside the sideline, each side can be arranged with 2 poles or 3 poles (using floodlights) .

However, if there are multiple venues, light poles cannot be installed between the two venues. If the floodlight cannot aim accurately, or the light intensity distribution is too wide, the lighting device can produce disabling glare outside the playing field. At this time, attention should be paid to taking anti-glare measures or choosing lamps with appropriate beam angles for lighting.

CIE42 recommends that the illuminance value of outdoor tennis courts is 300Lux in training mode and 500Lux in competition mode.

The indoor tennis court is 300 Lux in the entertainment mode; 500 Lux in the training mode; and 750 Lux in the competition mode. One of the reasons for the difference in illuminance requirements between indoor and outdoor is to limit the brightness contrast between the stadium and the surrounding environment.

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What are the main points to follow in tennis court lighting design

In recent years, the attention of tennis in China has gradually increased, and many tennis events have also begun to be broadcast live on major platforms, which also puts forward higher requirements for tennis court lighting.

1. Tennis court lighting and competition-related requirements (1) The installation position of the tennis court lighting is generally not allowed to be directly above the venue;(2) Tennis courts have areas where lamps are not allowed to be installed, mainly for locations where lighting will adversely affect the main line of sight during the game;(3) The installation position and projection angle of the tennis court lighting fixtures should avoid glare to tennis players;(4) Prevent direct light from tennis court lighting fixtures from affecting tennis players and spectators.
   2. Requirements related to lighting and broadcasting (1) The vertical illuminance and its uniformity in the direction of the tennis court camera must meet the requirements of camera and relay;(2) The color temperature of the tennis court will affect the adjustment of the white balance of the camera. For the tennis court of broadcast level, T cp >4000 K (general broadcast) or 5500K (high-definition broadcast) is required;(3) The color rendering index will affect the degree of color reproduction of broadcast and video. For broadcast tennis courts, Ra >80 (general broadcast) or Ra >90 (high-definition broadcast);(4) The installation position and projection angle of the tennis court lamps sometimes cause glare to the camera.

Use function sports classification

TV broadcast requirements

Illuminance(Lux)

Illumination uniformity

light source

Glare index

Eh</sub>

Emax</sub>

Emin</sub>

Uh</sub>

Uvmax</sub>

Uvmin</sub>

Ra

Tcp /

GR

U1

U2

U1

U2

U1

U2

Outdoor

Indoor

Training, entertainment

No TV broadcast

300

/

/

/

0.5

/

/

/

/

≥65

/

≤55

≤35

Amateur competition, professional training

500/300

/

/

0.4/0.3

0.6/0.5

/

/

/

/

≥65

≥4000

≤50

≤30

Professional competition

750/500

/

/

0.5/0.4

0.7/0.6

/

/

/

/

≥65

≥4000

≤50

≤30

TV broadcast domestic and international competitions

TV broadcast

/

1000/750

750/500

0.5/0.4

0.7/0.6

0.4/0.3

0.6/0.5

0.3/0.3

0.5/0.4

≥80

≥4000

≤50

≤30

TV broadcast major international competitions

/

1400/1000

1000/750

0.6/0.5

0.8/0.7

0.5/0.3

0.7/0.5

0.3/0.3

0.5/0.4

≥80

≥4000

≤50

≤30

HDTV broadcast of major international competitions

/

2000/1400

1400/1000

0.7/0.6

0.8/0.8

0.6/0.4

0.7/0.6

0.4/0.3

0.6/0.5

≥90

≥5000

≤50

≤30

Emergency TV

/

1000/750

/

0.5/0.4

0.7/0.6

0.4/0.3

0.6/0.5

/

/

≥80

≥4000

≤50

≤30