Railway Station Lighting Analysis

Railway station lighting analysis

As a long-term service infrastructure, the railway station is the city’s century-old foundation. With the vigorous development of commercial and indoor lighting in the past 50 years, railway station lighting has not only met the simple needs of general lighting for passengers buying tickets, waiting for trains, and entering and exiting stations, but also added more human factors and combined with the functions of railway stations. And architectural design elements, using lighting to highlight the grandeur and modernity of the building. In public areas such as waiting halls and passages, create a spacious, bright, comfortable and safe lighting environment to highlight the three-dimensional effect and sense of extension of the space.

Generally speaking, the design of lighting space should fully consider the long-term operational changes and impacts, as well as the coordinated relationship between architecture and art, form and structure, and man and nature. The large-scale daylighting patio in the architectural design and the large-area glass curtain wall structure add sufficient natural lighting, which is an important improvement in energy-saving links, and thus also allows people to be separated from nature without being hard. Through the glass curtain wall, people can perceive the external natural environment more comfortably, regardless of the sun, the clouds, the rain, the rising and the sunset. Therefore, indoor lighting should not be rigid, it should be able to follow changes in the outside world and make a reasonable response. 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, use the lighting loop setting to perform simple partition management of the lighting in different areas, and make full use of the precious resources given to us by nature.

In addition, lighting design should be based on the scale of the railway station, need to set rational standards, use high-efficiency and energy-saving light sources and equipment, use strict lighting technology and accurate calculations to minimize the number of space lighting equipment and reduce the amount of The initial investment cost and energy consumption are the main thrust of the entire lighting design.

General Components of Railway Station Lighting and Reference Data for Lighting Design

1. Outdoor

• The exterior wall lighting mainly uses flood lighting, light box lighting, billboards and LED lighting. The lighting of the railway station at night needs to be oriented and declarative, reflect the local color, promote the local style, and leave the impression of the city on the passengers. When designing lighting, try to avoid dynamic effects, preferably static lighting. Partial dynamic effects can be used to reflect the combination of architecture and local culture as much as possible, showing the atmosphere and personality of the architecture. Pay attention to the effect of glare on the surrounding environment. Green lighting, using a suitable lighting system, controlled by time.

2.Entrance and foyer

• This is a transitional space from outdoor to indoor, allowing passengers to enter and leave comfortably. The average illuminance at the entrance needs to be higher than the indoor illuminance, and the color temperature should be coordinated with the indoor, so as not to have too strong contrast and make passengers uncomfortable. Lamps and lanterns generally used are downlights and ceiling lights.

3. Ticket hall

It is the first place inside the station where passengers start their journey. In addition to meeting general lighting needs, lighting design should pay attention to the comfort of passengers, ease the tension of passengers, and ensure the safety of passengers and property. Generally used lamps are downlights, ceiling lights and panel lights, with illumination 200~300 lux, color temperature>3000K, color rendering index Ra>80.

4. Waiting hall atrium

It is the buffer area and public rest space for passengers to enter the waiting hall, and increase the openness of the building, adjust the air quality, and improve the spatial quality and level of the entire building. Generally, the lamps used are downlights, ceiling lights or canopy lights.

5. Waiting hall

• It is to create a suitable environment for passengers to adjust and rest, and a warm waiting place. Pay attention to visual comfort, and use low illumination and low color temperature lighting methods. Generally, the lamps used are downlights or canopy lights. Illumination 150~200 lux, color temperature 3000~4500K, CRI Ra> 75.

6. Station passages and underground passages

• It is an event space connecting the entire waiting hall and the platform, with a large flow of people. Good channel lighting can provide passengers with correct flow guidance and ensure the safety of passengers and property. Lamps and lanterns generally used are downlights, lamp panels and emergency indicator lighting. Illumination 100~150 lux, color temperature 3000K, CRI Ra> 75.

7. Elevator

• Elevator handrail lighting and bottom lighting. Lamps and lanterns generally used are downlights, ceiling lights and brackets. Illumination 100~150 lux, color temperature 3000K, CRI Ra> 75.

8. Sales area and rest and dining area

• For the convenience of passengers, some railway stations have set up sales areas for daily necessities and local specialties, as well as rest and dining areas, which reflect more humanistic care. Need to pay attention to visual comfort and pleasure. Individuality is allowed, but it cannot conflict with the entire lighting environment in the station. Lamps and lanterns generally used are downlights and ceiling lamps, and low illumination and low color temperature lighting methods should be adopted. Illumination 150~200 lux, color temperature 3000~4500K, CRI Ra> 80.

9. Platform

The platform where passengers get on and off the train has a lot of people. Good platform lighting can provide passengers with correct flow guidance and ensure the safety of passengers and property. Generally use lamps as canopy lights and indicator boxes. Illumination 100~150 lux, color temperature 3000K, CRI Ra> 75.

10. Underground Parking Lot

Including basic lighting, emergency lighting, duty lighting and transitional lighting. The basic lighting should be high-efficiency fluorescent lamps, with 75 lux for the driveway and 50 lux for the parking space. The illuminance listed above will vary greatly depending on the actual distance between the lamp and the ground.

Commonly Used Lamps and Technical Parameters in Railway Stations

• 1. Downlight

  It uses the luminosity and shape of the reflector to reflect the width of the condensed light, the strength of the diffused light and the scope of the beam. Highlight the subject and create different visual effects. The anti-fog downlight adds a piece of anti-fog glass before the light source, which refracts the light, resulting in a uniform and soft lighting effect. The anti-fog glass has a certain anti-fog and moisture-proof function.

• I) Components: face cover, base, reflector, rectifier, adjusting bracket, glass, lamp holder, power cord, etc.
• II) Product categories: horizontal downlights, vertical downlights and metal halide downlights.
• III) Installation method: embedded and ceiling type.
• IV) Optional light source: mostly compact energy-saving fluorescent tubes (E14, E27), and compact energy-saving plug-in tubes (PL, PLC).
• V) Power distribution device: The light source is a compact energy-saving plug-in tube. Need to be equipped with high power factor electronic ballast or ultra-quiet magnetic ballast inside the downlight.
• VI) The general size of downlight is 4 inches, 5 inches, 6 inches and 8 inches
    a) 4-inch downlight (opening diameter 120mm, outer diameter 143mm), the general light source is a single 9W energy-saving lamp, the luminous flux is 450lm.
  b) 5-inch downlight (opening diameter 165mm, outer diameter 179mm), the general light source is a single 13W energy-saving lamp or two 13W energy-saving lamps, the luminous flux is 800lm, 1600lm.
  c) 6-inch downlight (opening diameter 175mm, outer diameter 190mm), the general light source is two 13W energy-saving lamps, the luminous flux is 1600lm.
  d) 8-inch downlight (opening diameter 200mm, outer diameter 228mm), the general light source is two 18W energy-saving lamps, the luminous flux is 2300lm. In addition, in order to achieve higher brightness, the light source is two 26W energy-saving lamps, namely 52W, and the luminous flux is 3520lm.

• 2. Ceiling spotlights

  The main structure includes face cover, side spring, light source, bracket and other accessories. It has the following characteristics: small size, light weight, and relatively low requirements for the ceiling load capacity. Low voltage safety.
     a) Type of light source: MR16, MR11. The beam angle is generally 38°, 10° and 24°. The color temperature is generally 3000K and 4500K. Color rendering index Ra95~99. Average life span is 2000~3000 hours. The power is generally 20W, 35W and 50W. The light source efficiency is generally 17lm/W.
  b) Material: die casting, aluminum, and cold rolled sheet
  c) The distributor: 12v electronic transformer.

• 3. Grille lamp panel

     a) The structure of the lamp panel: the lamp panel is composed of a chassis, a lampshade, a reflector, a lamp holder and a power cord, etc. The lamp panel is mainly used to fix the tube, provide power, and reflect the light.
  b) Can be equipped with light source: T8 straight tube, 36W, 30W, 18W tube. T5 straight tube, 28W, 21W, 14W tube. PL single U plug-in tube, 18W, 24W, 36W.
  c) Material and general types: stainless steel reflector lamp panel, frosted anodized aluminum reflector lamp panel, mirror anodized aluminum reflector lamp panel, milky white light-transmitting lamp panel, prismatic light-transmitting film lamp panel and plug-in reflector lamp panel
  d) Installation methods: embedded, ceiling-mounted, and ceiling-mounted.
  e) Distributor: high power factor ballast, ultra-quiet inductive ballast (plus starter, compensation capacitor).

• 4. Bracket

  In order to comply with safety regulations and ensure consumer safety, people use shells to protect electrical appliances or hide power sources. Fluorescent lamp brackets mainly play a role in protecting power, providing power, and fixing light sources.
     a) The structure of the bracket: the bracket is composed of a bracket body, a bracket cover, a lamp holder, a ballast, a starter, a power cord, and a plastic gear connecting wire.
  b) Can be equipped with light source: T8 straight tube, 36W, 30W, 18W tube. T5 straight tube, 28W, 21W, 14W tube
  c) General types: ordinary bracket, T5 bracket, and tri-proof bracket
  d) Distributor: high power factor ballast, ultra-quiet inductive ballast (plus starter).
  e)  Installation method: ceiling or hoisting.

Indoor LED Lighting Solutions for Railway Stations

1. BackfroundWith the continuous growth of people’s production, life, and urban street lighting, the status of lighting power consumption in power consumption has become increasingly prominent. According to the statistics of China International Lighting Network, the proportion of lighting power consumption in developed countries has reached 25%. Compared with China, despite the relatively low level of economic development in China, lighting power consumption is increasing at an average annual rate of 15%. In 2007, lighting power consumption reached 390 billion kWh, accounting for more than 12% of the country’s total power consumption. Replacing 1/3 of them with LEDs will save the country more than 100 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity each year, which is equivalent to the annual power generation capacity of the Three Gorges Project. Therefore, the vigorous promotion of LED energy-saving lighting technology has far-reaching strategic significance for building a conservation-oriented and environmentally-friendly society.

2. Analysis of social benefits and energy saving and emission reduction:

   Every kilowatt of electricity saved is equivalent to saving 0.33kg of coal energy consumption and 4 liters of purified water, while also reducing 0.96kg of carbon dioxide and 0.03kg of sulfur dioxide emissions.

3. Advantages of LED lamps

      a) political advantage: Comply with the energy saving and emission reduction policy, conform to the corporate environmental protection positioning, and successfully complete the energy saving and emission reduction targets, benefit the country, the people, and the enterprise. In 2009, the state formulated the “Opinions on the Development of Semiconductor Lighting Energy-saving Industry”, which clearly requires the promotion of the development of the domestic semiconductor lighting industry and includes it in the scope of financial subsidies when conditions are ripe.
   b) Environmental protection advantage: It can effectively avoid the pollution of the lamp to the environment. LED is a solid light source, without any gas, without ultraviolet rays, and will not produce light radiation and light pollution. Saving electricity is itself protecting the environment. Due to the long life of LED lights, environmental pollution caused by frequent replacement is reduced,

LED Lighting Energy Saving Optimization Program

According to the national lighting standards, according to the “general components of railway station lighting and reference data for lighting design” in the previous article, and reference to “traditional lamp types and related technical parameters commonly used in railway stations”, combined with the actual characteristics and advantages of Tachyon lamps, Take the lamps routinely used in the station as an example. Under the premise of meeting the requirements of downlight illuminance, some data measured in actual applications of traditional lighting lamps and our LED lamps are used for relevant benefit analysis to show the energy-saving effect of Tachyon LED lamps.

• 70W Metal Halide Downlight VS 15W Tachyon LED Downlight

product type	Quantity (PCS)	Working Time /Day (H)	Wattage/Unit	Unit price of electricity (￥)	Daily electricity consumption (kwH)	Anual electricity consumption	Lifespan (H)	Power saving ratio	Save electricity bills in one year(￥)
Metal Halide Downlight	1	24	70	1	1.68	613	6000	78.60%	¥481.00
LED Downlight	1	24	15	1	0.36	131	30000

• Energy efficiency comparison between traditional 18W fluorescent tube and an 8w Tachyon LED lamp
  

  product type	Quantity (PCS)	Working Time /Day (H)	Wattage/Unit	Unit price of electricity (￥)	Daily electricity consumption (kwH)	Anual electricity consumption	Lifespan (H)	Power saving ratio	Save electricity bills in one year(￥)
  fluorescent T8 tube	1	24	18	1	0.432	158	8000	56	88
  LED Lamp	1	24	8	1	0.192	70	30000