Lighting Design_Part I

Basic Introduction

Lighting design (lighting design) is divided into outdoor lighting design and indoor lighting design. Lighting is a more flexible and interesting design element. It can become a catalyst for the atmosphere, the focus and theme of a room, and can also enhance the existing decoration. Layering.

Lighting arrangement can be divided into direct and indirect. It is the focal point and theme of a room, and it can also enhance the layering of existing decoration.

Direct light generally refers to those direct light, such as chandeliers and spotlights. The light is scattered directly on the designated position, and a circle of light and shadow are projected for lighting or highlighting the theme. It is direct and simple.

Indirect lighting can play a unique function in creating atmosphere and create different moods. Its light does not directly hit the ground, but is placed behind the wall recesses, ceilings, or behind the wall paving. The light is projected onto the wall and then reflected to the ground. The soft light seems to gently wash the entire space

The proper combination of these two lights can create a perfect spatial mood. Some are bright and lively, and some are soft. Only through the contrast can they show the unique personality of the light and exude an extraordinary artistic charm.

In the use of home lighting, the bedroom should be warm, the study and kitchen should be bright and practical, the living room should be rich, layered, and artistic, the dining room should be romantic, and the bathroom should be warm and soft.

Lighting energy saving

Lighting mainly comes from light energy converted from electrical energy, which in turn comes from the burning of fossil fuels. The mineable life of oil and natural gas on the earth is about 50 years, and the mineable life of coal is about 300 years, and as the amount of mining increases year by year, the mineable life of these fossil fuels will be further shortened. The world energy is not optimistic. . Therefore, it is imperative to actively promote lighting energy saving.

At present, it is generally believed in the international community that the principle followed when considering and formulating energy-saving policies, regulations and measures is to save lighting electricity as much as possible on the premise of ensuring sufficient lighting quantity and quality. Lighting energy-saving is mainly achieved by using high-efficiency energy-saving lighting products, improving quality, optimizing lighting design and other means to achieve the purpose of benefit, that is, energy-saving without sacrificing quality.

Reasonable lighting

Lighting energy-saving must first start from the design, choose a reasonable standard value of illuminance, correctly choose the high, medium, and low illuminance values ​​of the illuminance standard; secondly, choose a suitable lighting method, and use mixed lighting in places with high illuminance requirements. , Use less general lighting, and appropriately use partitioned general lighting.

 

High light efficiency

Luminous efficiency refers to the ratio of the luminous flux emitted by a light source to the electric power consumed by the light source. It reflects the ability of the light source to convert electrical energy into visible light. In order to make full use of electrical energy, high luminous efficiency light sources should be preferred

 

Energy efficient

Lamp efficiency refers to the ratio of the luminous flux emitted by the lamp to the luminous flux emitted by all light sources in the lamp under normal conditions, and it reflects the light utilization efficiency of the lamp. In order to make full use of the light emitted by the light source, high-efficiency lamps should be preferred.

 

Electronic ballast

The fluorescent lamp commonly used in the house is a gas discharge lamp, which is an arc discharge lamp, which cannot work in a circuit alone, and must be connected in series with a ballast. There are two types of ballasts on the market: electronic and inductive. Compared with inductive ballasts, electronic ballasts have the advantages of low starting voltage, low noise, low temperature rise, light weight, and no flicker. The current device saves more than 10% of power, its own power consumption is reduced by 50% to 75%, and the comprehensive electrical input power is reduced by 18% to 23%. The power saving benefit is significant and should be promoted.

 

Lighting control

Adjustable lighting can be adapted to the needs of a variety of different activities to achieve lighting energy saving. In normal use, the lighting control method should be selected reasonably, the range of electric lighting lighting should be arranged according to the change of natural light illuminance, and the lighting should be controlled in zones and the lighting switch points should be appropriately increased according to the characteristics of lighting use. The lighting of public places in residential areas and outdoor lighting needs to reasonably choose the power of lamps and the number of lamps according to the illuminance requirements to ensure the maximum return on investment.

Natural light

Artificial lighting is a supplement to natural lighting. Making full use of natural light can achieve the purpose of energy saving. Some buildings use a variety of light collection devices for lighting, such as reflectors, optical fibers, light pipes, etc. These devices enable spaces that do not have direct natural lighting conditions to enjoy natural lighting. Of course, the above measures are rarely applied to residential buildings. As an energy-saving and healthy residential building, what we have to do is to ensure sufficient window area and sufficient direct natural lighting.

Green lighting

The lighting concept and practice of “green lighting” design: the development direction of luminaires is diversification, miniaturization, lightness and energy saving, the light source (tube) is the development concept of durability, time limit, special shape and sociality, and the light is based on Soft, delicate and natural are the development goals. The tri-color LED lamp is a new type of light source that can not only save a lot of money and energy, but also improve the quality of lighting. Because of its low power, high illuminance, and good color temperature, it is also called “cold light”. From the perspective of energy saving and health, people give it the nickname “green lighting”. It has penetrated into various fields at an extremely fast speed and has entered thousands of households.

The superiority of TV cold light

TV cold light is not only a self-contained system, it can also be used with other lamps with similar color temperatures. Its development and application have expanded a broad new field of lighting and lighting for TV lighting. In the process of converting from analog to digital and high-definition, the TV cold light lamp has adapted to the needs of the development of TV video recording equipment.

(1) Fades, eliminates shadows, and reproduces natural light effects

The TV cold light lamp emits light in a soft, uniform and large area, and uses soft, clear, direct light without obvious traces of light spots to dilute and eliminate the shadow (projection) produced by the illuminated object, making the picture relatively clean, deep and clear , Natural, it can reproduce the natural light effect of objects in natural light more realistically than the pictures taken by the direct light of traditional film and television lamps.

(2) The light is soft and delicate, the picture is clear, and the scene is vivid

The TV cold light lamp solves the problem that the light, spot, light and shadow of the film and television tungsten bulb lamps are too rigid, changing or destroying the character design, the scene atmosphere, and the artistic effect of makeup. It provides the lighting conditions that reproduce the real scene effect and can be realistic Reflect people and scenery. It makes the picture clear, vivid, close to reality and close to the audience.

The TV cold light not only meets the requirements of the TV lighting art with more natural and delicate light and shadow effects, but more importantly, it eliminates the tungsten filament incandescent bulb or quartz bulb, iodine tungsten, halogen tungsten bulb (tube) produced when lighting Infrared radiant heat. The radiant heat can cause discomforts such as psychological irritability, tachycardia, high blood pressure, dry mouth, red face and red ears in the announcer, program host, and actors. It creates a relaxed working and psychological environment with cool lighting rays, and has won people’s welcome. It is a TV lighting fixture most suitable for modern electronic digital cameras in the production of programs.

The TV cold light lamp has a light structure and easy selection of lamps. It is suitable for working in any environment. It can not only be a self-contained system, but also can be used with other lamps with the same color temperature. It is suitable for indoor and outdoor use. It is only suitable for indoor and outdoor use. You can replace the light tubes with different color temperatures. Realize the integration of interior and exterior lights. The 220V/36W 6-tube lamps are only 216W, so in places with limited power supply capacity, the advantages of cold light lamps are more obvious. Cold light lamps can work without dimming console control, and can work when connected to power, or enter the dimming console light control program as needed. It is convenient to hang and easy to install. It is an ideal light source for TV lighting.

Compared with traditional film and television lamps, cold light lamps have a relatively shorter effective distance of light (generally no more than 3m), so that the position of the light source (lamp) is relatively reduced and fixed, and the space height of the studio and the structure of the space equipment are also relatively reduced. simplify.

According to the basic requirements of the distance between the camera and the subject, the basic illuminance of the cold light lamp and the relative distance between the cold light lamp and the announcer, the ratio of length, width and height of the news studio space is 3:2:1m. This not only incorporates new concepts into the new construction and renovation of the news studio, but also forms a brand-new model in terms of capital investment and construction period.

The cold light lamp converts electric energy into light energy to the maximum extent, which not only improves the lighting quality, but also “cools” the working environment, achieving the purpose of energy saving, environmental protection and safe production.

Whether it is a soft-lighted TV cold light or a hard-lighted film and television tungsten filament lamp, the artistic creation of character modeling is completed by adjusting the different angles and light intensity of the light source (lamp). Since the illumination distance is proportional to the light intensity (that is, the farther the weaker, the closer the stronger), if the ideal illumination intensity is obtained from the scattered light source of the cold light, the only way to set the cold light is relatively close to the object. , Generally not more than 3m, mainly based on it, and then choose and configure other light sources.

(To Be Continued)