Classification of lighting fixtures

Classification by use

Exterior Lighting:

Street light, flood light, spotlight, courtyard luminaire, lumianire for lawn lighting and underground lighting.

Interior Lighting:

Louvre lighting luminaire, recessed lightgin, projector lighting, table lamp, wall luminaire, floor lamp and surface mounted luminaire

Other types of lighting:

Luminaire for stage, studio or TV, luminaire for lighting and signal of transport, luminaire for explosive atmosphere, pressure water light luminaire and emergency luminaire.

Classification of luminaires according to CIE recommendations

According to the recommendation of CIE, luminaires can be divided into five types according to the proportion of luminous flux in the upper and lower space distribution: direct type, light source type and light source type, Semi-direct type, full diffuse type (including direct indirect type with little light in horizontal direction), semi indirect type and indirect type.

(1) Direct lighting luminaire

Most of the luminous flux (90-100%) of this kind of lamps directly project below, so the luminous flux utilization rate of lamps is the highest.

(2 ) Semi direct luminaire ( simi – direct lighting luminaire )

Most of the luminous flux (60 – ninety %） If it shoots into the lower hemisphere space, a small part shoots upwards, and the component shoots upwards will be smaller.

(3) Diffused lighting luminaire

The luminous flux of lamps is almost the same up and down (40% – 60% respectively).

The most common is the opal glass spherical lampshade, other various shapes of diffuse light transmission closed lampshade also has a similar light distribution. Such light is evenly cast in all directions, so the utilization rate of light is low.

(4) Semi indirect lighting luminaire

The downward luminous flux of lamps accounts for 10% – 40%, and its downward component is often only used to produce brightness commensurate with the ceiling, which is too much defects, such as direct or indirect glare, can also be caused by the improper distribution of light.

The upper open translucent hood belongs to this category. They are mainly used as architectural decoration lighting, because most of the light is cast into the ceiling and the upper wall, increased the indoor indirect light, the light is more gentle and pleasant.

(5) Indirect lighting luminaire

A small part of the luminaire’s luminous flux (less than 10%) is downward. When the design is good, all the ceiling become a lighting source, to achieve soft lighting.

The direct glare and reflected glare are very small as long as the arrangement is reasonable. The luminous efficiency of this kind of lights is lower than the former four.

Classified by electric shock protection

For electrical safety, all live parts of lamps must be isolated by insulating materials. The protection of lamps and lanterns

All measures are called electric shock protection. According to the protection method against electric shock, lamps can be divided into four categories: 0, I, II and III. The main performance and application of each category of lamps are described in detail in Table below.

Luminaire class	Main performance of luminaire	Application description
Type 0	Protection relies on basic insulation – insulation between accessible parts and between the enclosure and the live body	It is easy to install and maintain the lamps. Such as dry air, less dust, wood floor and other conditions Chandelier and ceiling lamp
Type I	In addition to the basic insulation, the accessible parts and the shell have grounding devices, once the basic insulation fails, there is no danger	Used for metal shell lamps, such as projection lamp, street lamp, courtyard lamp Lights, etc., to improve the safety leve
Type II	In addition to basic insulation, there is supplementary insulation, which can be made into double insulation or reinforced insulation to improve safety	Good insulation, high degree of safety, suitable for poor environment, people often touch lamps, such as table lamp, portable lamp, etc
Type III	Use extra low safety high voltage (AC effective value is less than 50V), and no voltage higher than this value will be generated in the lamp	The lamp has the highest degree of safety and is used in harsh environment, such as machine tools Work lights, children’s lights, etc

From the perspective of electrical safety, the safety level of Class 0 lamps is the lowest, class I and II lamps are higher, and class III lamps are the highest. Some countries are not allowed to produce class 0 lamps, but there is no such regulation in China. In the lighting design, the environment, operation object, installation and use position of the place should be considered comprehensively, and the appropriate type of lamps should be selected. Class III lamps and lanterns shall be used in places with bad use conditions or methods, and class I or class II lamps and lanterns can be used generally.

Classified by ingress protection

According to the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC 529 – 598 and GB 700 – 86, according to the invasion of water and foreign matters.

The degree of protection is classified. For example, IP65, the first digit corresponds to grade 6 in Table 1, indicating complete dust prevention. The second digit corresponds to level 5 in Table 2, which means to prevent water spray, and so on.

• Anti-foreign objects
  

  Grade	Brief Introduction	Protection details
  0	Unprotected	No special protection requirements
  1	Prevent foreign matters larger than 50 mm from entering	Prevent large areas of objects from entering, such as hand, etc
  2	Prevent foreign matters larger than 12mm from entering	Prevent fingers and other objects from entering
  3	Prevent foreign matters larger than 2.5mm from entering	Prevent tools, wires, etc. from entering
  4	Prevent foreign matters larger than 1.0 mm from entering	Prevent wires, strips, etc. from entering
  5	Prevent foreign matters less than 1.0 mm from entering	It is not strictly dustproof, but excessive dust is not allowed to enter, so that the equipment is not working properly
  6	Completely dustproof	No dust

• 
• Water-proof
  

  Grade	Brief Introduction	Protection details
  0	Unprotected	No special protection requirements
  1	Prevent water droplets from entering	Vertical dripping should be harmless
  2	Prevent tilting 150 Water drops in the sky	When the lamp is in the normal position and is tilted up to 15°, the vertical drop of water droplets is harmless to it
  3	Prevent water from entering	The water sprinkled at a vertical angle of 65° should be harmless
  4	Prevent splashing water from entering	The water splashing on the enclosure of lamps in any direction shall be harmless
  5	Prevent water spray from entering	The water splashing on the enclosure of lamps in any direction shall be harmless
  6	Prevent waves from entering	The strong jet of water or the amount of entry does not damage the lamp
  7	Waterproof	Immerse the lamp in water at a certain pressure for a period of time, and the amount of water immersed is not harmful to the lamp
  8	Anti-flooding	Continuously submerge the lamp in the water under specified conditions without being affected

  From the perspective of electrical safety, the safety level of Class 0 lamps is the lowest, class I and II lamps are slightly higher, and class III lamps are the highest. Some countries are not allowed to produce class 0 lamps, but there is no such regulation in many countries till today. In the lighting design, the environment, operation object, installation and use position of the place should be considered comprehensively, and the appropriate type of lamps should be selected. Class III lamps and lanterns shall be used in places with bad use conditions or methods, and class I or class II lamps and lanterns can be used generally.