Highway lighting standards

Purpose of highway lighting

1. Ensure that road lighting can create a good visual environment for drivers and pedestrians of various vehicles, to achieve the purpose of ensuring traffic safety, improving transportation efficiency, facilitating people’s lives, reducing crime rates, and beautifying the urban environment
2. The design of road lighting should be carried out in accordance with the principles of safety, reliability, advanced technology, reasonable economy, energy saving and environmental protection, and convenient maintenance.

Basic Settings of Expressway

1. the Setting of Guardrail and Protective Net.
   The standard stipulates that highways should be provided with guardrails to prevent vehicles from intruding into the opposite lanes in the central partition. Most of the highways we have built have steel guardrails on both sides. From a technical and economic point of view, they should be installed as needed.The standard requires that “protective nets to prevent pedestrians and other roads from crossing” should be set up according to regulations. This mainly refers to sections that are deemed necessary to fully control access to expressways and other grades of roads. Protective nets should be installed to prevent pedestrians and animals from colliding. Enter the driveway.
2. Pedestrian overpass or underground passage
   The setting conditions for pedestrian bridges or underground passages are mainly where pedestrians, bicycles or other vehicles cross highways or first-class highways, especially at stations or intersections. The first-level highways are not all set up, and traffic management signs should be set up in places where they are not set up to ensure safety. As for other grades of highway, it depends on the actual situation.3. Pedestrian overpass or underground passage
   The selection of pedestrian bridges and pedestrian underpasses must fully consider the ease of use, the impact on traffic and the coordination with the surrounding environment, the construction conditions, the difficulty of maintenance management, and public security issues. Under normal circumstances, the construction and maintenance costs of pedestrian underground passage projects are relatively high, and there is much work to maintain law and order. However, it is appropriate to build pedestrian underpasses in places of scenic beauty, scenic spots, problematic clearances under the overpass bridges, areas with low snowfall utilization rates, and places with high fill cost and low construction costs. Therefore, technical and economic comparisons should be determined according to local conditions.
   4. Reflective signs and lighting facilities
   The use of reflective traffic signs to improve driving conditions at night is considered to be significant at home and abroad, and the time it has been used in my country is not short. Therefore, the provision stipulates that “in order to make the traffic at night and ensure the safety of driving, reflective signs should be used as much as possible on highways with heavy traffic at night.” Of course, this is required for roads with more traffic at night and in need.

   On illuminated roads, because the illuminated road surface is bright, the outline of dark obstacles can be seen relatively; on unlit roads, the driver relies on the headlights of the car to illuminate, that is, he uses the emitted beam to find obstacles while driving . The reflection string of the obstacles on the road itself is much lower, so the probability of road obstacles being higher than the headlights of cars is higher. At the same time, the highway lighting is better in terms of line of sight, line of sight, and line of sight inducing effect. Therefore, it is best to install lighting lamps on highways, but it is expensive to install lighting, and it is impossible to install all of them. Therefore, the regulations stipulate that street lights can be arranged in sections with particularly heavy and important traffic to illuminate the entire section; localized lighting can be used at conditional intersections, crosswalks, etc.

Selection Method of Lighting Standard

According to the type of road to be designed, three different selection criteria are used for the lighting level. IES divides the design standards into highways, general streets, and residential or sidewalks, as follows:

• Highways, expressways, restricted-access roads, and roads where pedestrians, cyclists, and parked vehicles do not normally exist all provide road lighting. The main purpose of road lighting is to help drivers stay on the road, and to help detect obstacles inside and outside the vehicle’s headlights.
• Street lighting is usually provided on the main and partial roads of pedestrians and cyclists. The main purpose of street lighting is to help drivers identify obstacles, provide adequate vision for pedestrians and cyclists, and assist in visual search tasks on and near roads.

Road LED lighting requirements

• General provisions

  LED lamps should meet the principles of safety and reliability, advanced technology, reasonable economy, energy saving and environmental protection, and easy maintenance.
  The electronic control devices and LED modules of LED lamps and lanterns should be convenient for on-site maintenance and replacement, and the electronic control devices and LED modules should meet the requirements for interchange use.

• Working environment conditions

  LED lamps should be able to work normally under the conditions of ambient temperature -20 °C ~ +50 °C, and special places should meet other special requirements such as actual ambient temperature, humidity and corrosivity of specific use occasions.

• Working voltage range

  LED lamps can work normally when the input voltage is 80%~120% of the rated voltage.

• Safety requirements

  The safety requirements of LED lamps should meet the requirements of GB7000.1, GB7000.203 and GB24819.
  The input voltage of LED lamps should meet the requirements of GB 17743
  The harmonic current limit of LED lamps should meet the requirements of GB 17625.1
  The electromagnetic compatibility of LED lamps should meet the requirements of GB/T 18959
  LED lamp protection level should not be lower than IP65

• Initial luminous flux

  The initial luminous flux of LED lamps should not be lower than 90% of the rated luminous flux and not higher than 120% of the rated luminous flux.

• Energy efficiency of lamps

  The energy efficiency of LED lamps should not be lower than the following requirements

• CCT

  The rated color temperature of LED lamps should not exceed 6500K. It is suitable to use lighting lamps with low and medium color temperature. The color temperature classification should meet the following requirements

• General color rendering index

  The general color rendering index of LED lamps should not be less than 60, and the commercial area with dense crowds and high color recognition requirements for objects should not be less than 70

• Power and Power Factor

  When the LED lamp works at rated voltage and rated frequency, the ratio of its actual power consumption to rated power should not exceed 10%
  The power factor of LED lamps above 50W should not be less than 0.95, and the power factor of LED lamps of 50W and below 50W should not be less than 0.9

• The average life of lamps

  The average life of LED lamps should not be less than 40,000 hours