Landscape Lighting Design Case Study Part Ⅱ

5. Requirements for urban square environmental art lighting design

5.1 Wholeness and coordination

Although the artistic lighting work that requires integrity and coordination lacks the connotation and rhythm of art in some parts (ie microscopic).

At night, the landscape mainly relies on lighting for artistic processing.

Then, how to properly express the micro with artistic techniques, and how to deal with the artistic connection between the micro and the micro, and between the micro and the macro.

This requires an organized art of general lighting.

5.2 Application of novel light sources and lighting equipment

The development and application of new light sources and lighting equipment also provide a broad imagination and reproduction space for artistic lighting, and become an important factor affecting the urban lighting environment, which has attracted people’s attention and welcome.

With the deepening of electronic technology and gas discharge research, various gas discharge lights with high power, high luminous efficiency, wide color spectrum, easy control, energy saving and safety are becoming more and more mature and widely used.

Taking laser as an example, although the laser-based art lighting source has been applied to city squares, its application is not yet popular due to the complexity of technology and equipment. In fact, lasers, like optical brazing and other new light sources, have just begun to be applied in a wide range, and they still need continuous improvement and improvement.

These new lighting sources, which are not used much at present, are bound to become a large number of widely used ordinary light sources in the future, thereby driving the change of design ideas in the lighting design industry.

5.3 Application of Control Technology

Compared with the past, designers have undergone tremendous changes from design to actual operation. Modern control technology has become a huge driving force for the development of architectural environment art.

On the one hand, the computerization of design, calculation and rendering, especially the computer simulation of models and color effects, enables designers of artistic lighting to create their own works in a more realistic environment and adjust the overall design.

In the computer, when the light source is placed in different positions, the screen can display three-dimensional graphics and effects such as color, shadow and highlight. For lighting rendering, this will be more realistic and detailed than the hand-drawn effect, so that users can interact with the user. More realistic communication and easy modification of the scheme.

On the other hand, the development of automatic control technology also enables designers to create control effects and wonderful lighting landscapes that were completely impossible in the past, thus greatly enriching the artistic expression ability of lighting.

5.4 Energy saving design

In urban environmental art lighting design and urban lighting environmental engineering implementation, energy saving is still the eternal theme.

In the comprehensive application of various energy sources, equipment, and coordination, a large number of LED cold light sources and solar energy should be used.

6. Lighting function

City square lighting generally has the following functions:

(1) General lighting: Illuminate the entire site facilities without considering the needs of special parts.

(2) Zone general lighting: general lighting that increases the illuminance of a specific area as needed.

(3) Local lighting: lighting set to meet the special needs of certain parts (usually limited to a small range).

(4) Mixed lighting: general lighting and local lighting combined lighting.

(5) Emergency lighting: lighting that is activated when the normal lighting system fails.

(6) Standby lighting: lighting to ensure that normal activities or work can continue when the normal lighting system fails.

(7) Safety lighting: when the normal lighting system fails, lighting to ensure the safety of personnel in potential danger.

(8) Evacuation lighting: when the normal lighting fails, in order to ensure that the evacuation passages and safety exits can be identified, the lighting for people to safely evacuate the dangerous place.

(9) Direct lighting: The vast majority (90%~100%) of the light emitted by the lights is directly projected on the assumed working surface.

(10) Semi-direct lighting: The light from the lights (40%~60%) is directly projected on the assumed work surface, and a small part (10%~40%) of the light is projected on the building.

(11) Uniform diffuse lighting: Half (40%~60%) of the light emitted by the lights is projected onto the assumed working surface, and the other half is projected onto the space and buildings for uniform lighting.

(12) Semi-direct lighting: A small part (10%~40%) of the light emitted by the lights is projected onto the assumed work surface, and most of it is projected onto the space and buildings.

(13) Indirect lighting: a small part (10%) of the light emitted by the lights is projected on the assumed working surface, and most of the lighting is projected on the space and buildings

(14) Accent lighting: directional lighting set to highlight the target.

(15) Slow lighting: The light projected on the working surface or object has no obvious difference in lighting in any direction.

7. The role of lighting

The role of lighting is mainly to create an elegant and comfortable nighttime environment for people; it plays a role in safety and alertness.

A certain lighting method is adopted to make the environmental space present a charming scenery, and through decoration and embellishment, it shows prosperity, guides tourists, and beautifies the city.

Urban square lighting belongs to special environmental lighting, and the decorativeness of its lighting is particularly important.t.

 (1) Create atmosphere

Light and brilliance are important factors in creating the atmosphere of a space.

The atmosphere of the space also changes due to the different light colors.

The choice of light color should be determined according to the style of different climates, environments and squares.

For example, the use of neon lights and colorful lighting of various spotlights can make the atmosphere of the square more lively and active.

Lighting with warm light can emphasize the atmosphere of the environment to a certain extent, while lighting with turquoise light gives people a comfortable and cool feeling in summer.

(2) Strengthen the sense of space

The feeling of the square space can show different effects through the action of light. When diffused light is used as the overall lighting of the space, the space has a feeling of expansion.

Direct light can enhance the shadow of objects and the contrast of light and shadow, so that the three-dimensional sense of space is enhanced.

Through the characteristics of different light and the different distribution of brightness, the place you want to pay attention to can be emphasized, and it can also be used to weaken the secondary place that you don’t want to be noticed, so that the square environment can be further improved and beautified.

Lighting can also change the virtual and real feeling of the space, so that objects can be separated from the ground to form a levitation effect.

(3) Light and shadow art

Light and shadow itself is an art of expression. For example, the sun shines a spot of light on the ground through the treetops, and the density changes with the wind.

In the lighting design, we should make full use of various lighting devices to vividly express the effect of light and shadow, and thus the content of the space.

There are various ways to deal with light and shadow, which can be mainly light, shadow-based, or combined with light and shadow.

To express light and shadow art, you can take the following methods:

①Flood lighting

Use floodlights to illuminate a plane or a three-dimensional building or a piece of art to reveal its shape, characteristics or historical appearance. Its characteristic is that the illuminated object is brighter than its background environment, so that the illuminated object has stereoscopic and distinctive.

②Contour lighting

Contour lighting is the placement of light switches on the edge of a building surface to take on the shape of the building at night and accentuate the main features of the building.

At present, melamine lights or cold light lights are generally used for edging.

③ Dynamic lighting

Use flood lighting or neon lighting, or plastic strings of light to illuminate and continuously change patterns or colors to enhance the lighting effect.

④Self-luminous lighting

Self-illumination is the use of the device’s own light or color to arrange and combine to play a decorative role. Commonly used decorative strips and patterns (such as butterflies, birds, flowers), etc., are carried out in a local way.

The equipment used are neon lights, decorative light strips, light boxes and so on.

New technologies for self-illumination include lasers, holograms, and slideshows.

⑤ Sound and light lighting

This is a lighting that combines sound and light in a performative manner.

Based on flood lighting, a series of white and colored lights combined with music and sound make the light change, reflecting historical facts or other events.