Lighting Design_Part II

Green lighting

Expansion of the main, auxiliary, and backlight 3-point lighting modes

TV cold light diffused light fixture is a large area diffused light source, which is very convenient for lighting. It completes the art of lighting modeling by selecting and configuring the power of the lamp, adjusting the distance and height between the lamp and the object. Because the cold light lamp can form its own system, it can also be coordinated with other lamps with the same color temperature. Its artistic methods and lighting methods are not only more perfect than simply using direct light from film and television lamps, but also make up for the reflection marks caused by direct light. Defects such as false deliberate. In practice, we have adopted the following methods.

1. Mainly cold light lamps, the direct light of the film and television lamps with the same color temperature is only backlight, and the side backlight is directly used with the scattered light of cold light lamps. The minimum power film and television spotlight is 220V/300W lamps, and other 220V/500W or 220V can also be used. /800W lamps.

At the beginning, we used these low-power lamps to make people’s facial decorations, but because of the strong spot, hard light, obvious light and shadow, or the limitation of the venue, we were required to repeatedly reduce the illumination. However, when the illuminance is weakened, the color temperature changes, and the distance and direction of the light source projection have to be changed to meet the requirements of color temperature and illuminance. In this way, not only can’t achieve the purpose of only retouching the face, it destroys the overall artistic modeling effect and working environment of the characters. When they are placed in a backlit or side-backlit position, the situation is different.

2. Choose other small lamps with similar color temperature to participate in mixed lighting. In order to seek an ideal light and shadow effect, we have switched to small, low-power direct light lamps in the production of some programs.

This kind of lamps generally use low-voltage bulbs, such as: 6V/30W, 12V/36W, 24V/50W, 250W, and also use 220V/300W small spotlights. These lamps not only have a strong and accurate light direction, but also have a small spot. When matched with soft light paper, they can draw a detailed description of the face of the person at the same distance (or closer, more concealed) as the cold light lamp. Make up for the lack of nature in the shape and make the picture richer. Small, low-power direct light lamps and cold light lamps have the same color temperature, and the illuminance is almost the same within a relatively equal distance. Since the illuminating distance of the cold light lamp to the object is generally no more than 3m, this requires that other lamps and lanterns with it can coordinate the lighting or complement each other in a short distance. Small, low-power direct light fixtures just meet the requirements of cold light lamps, while other direct light fixtures for film and television with high power and high illuminance are obviously overkill here.

3. The “3 points” and “delicate” modeling lighting of “positioning” are completed by the angle and illuminance of the scattered light of the cold light lamp “very naturally reverse the direct light.”

When using the 3-point lighting mode for static lighting, the light ratio of the main, auxiliary, and backlight is roughly: the ratio of the main light source to the reverse light source is 1:2, 1:15, 1:12. The ratio of the main light source to the auxiliary light source is 15:1.

Lamps: 1/4 (round) cold light direct light lamps and other direct light lamps with similar color temperature, or 4/5 (square) cold light scattered light lamps: 1/5 (round) cold light direct light lamps or other Direct light lamps with similar color temperatures.

Whether it is a TV cold light diffused light fixture with its own direct light fixture, or other direct light fixtures with similar color temperature, direct light fixtures are only used for backlighting, so that they can more clearly reflect the facial features of the Oriental Only the characteristics of beautiful, black and shiny hair can get the best lighting effect.

The soft and natural cold light dilutes the shadows and provides a good light styling beauty for the characters: side lighting can make young announcers look more beautiful; front lighting can make older announcers look younger and younger. Full of vitality; if the main and auxiliary light sources are high, people will appear thin, while the main and auxiliary light sources are slightly lower, and people will appear fatter…

The cold light clears the picture and cleans the environment. Under its illumination, the announcer will feel the light is cordial and soft, the environment is comfortable and lively, and the mood is relaxed and relaxed, and the broadcast will naturally be light and bright. At the same time, the audience will feel closer to the announcer.

4. The TV cold light lamp specially created the concept of “circular lighting” in the news broadcasting room.

On the basis of the “3 point” lighting mode, the cold light lamp created the “ring lighting method” in the news broadcasting room based on the lighting rules borrowed from the traditional camera lighting photos. This is determined by the nature of the scattered light.

Ring lighting does not rely on light ratio and light shadow to create artistic modeling of character and individual characteristics, but adopts the form of “light surrounding the object” to uniformly light the shooting range in a large area. This is an ideal lighting method for moving people, group portraits and groups within a certain range. Surround the subject with light, surrounded by light sources, so there is no need to emphasize the main light source, and there is no need to cover up or modify the defects or deficiencies of the subject, making it more relaxed and realistic, giving the audience an immersive experience Sense of.

On the basis of the principle of “light surrounds the object and scattered light uniformly distributed in a certain range”, adjust the angle and illuminance of the backlight, pay attention to the color and intensity of the reflected light, and find the best artistic relationship with the direct light and the reflected light. One method is very effective in the blue box lighting of the virtual studio.

5. The natural effect of cold light lamp in practical application.

The large-area scattered light of the cold light lamp makes its “light zone” expand without convergence, and produces a large amount of environmental reflection light. Even if the light and shade of the light emitted by it are controlled, there are always no obvious spots and shadows. More obvious “light zone” boundary. Furthermore, scattered light has no directivity like direct light.

Since there is no “light zone” boundary, which weakens the light direction, the light effect of the studio is basically close to the scattered light and reflected light in natural light. In this way, our portrayal of the character (announcer) is unknowingly faded.

The depth of field between the character and the background can only be achieved by using methods such as strengthening the backlight of the character or diminishing the background illumination, and finally achieving or increasing a certain spatial distance as the goal effect.

6. In actual work, we have compared the effects of the front and rear two light sources (TV cold light lamp and film tungsten lamp). Obviously, the effect of the character picture taken by the cold light source lamp is compared with the film and television light source lamp in the past. The picture effects of people photographed by lighting, whether it is the color of the picture, the texture of the object, the environment atmosphere, or the characterization of the personality characteristics, as well as the conversion and connection of the interior and exterior scenes, the day and night scenes, the color conversion, and the excessive, all appear extremely “natural” “There are fewer artificial “deliberations” and “traces” than in the past, especially fewer close-ups of announcers or TV drama characters.

Light Pollution

With the development of modern cities, a new kind of pollution-light pollution has appeared. Light pollution refers to excessive light radiation, ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation, which will cause adverse effects on human health, human life and working environment, and is one of the environmental hazards of modern cities.

 

Types of light pollution

Glare

Avoid glare interference. Glare refers to the unsuitable brightness range in the field of vision, and there is an extreme brightness contrast in space or time, which can cause discomfort or reduce visibility.

If the brightness of indoor lights, lamps or other areas is much higher than the brightness of the general environment, people will feel glare, which is dazzling in popular terms. Human eyes cannot look directly at the sun and cannot stare at high-brightness light sources for a long time. This is because glare can cause discomfort and severely damage vision, so it must be avoided.

Glare is caused by the high brightness of lamps or lamps directly entering the field of view. The severity of the glare effect depends on the brightness and size of the light source, the position of the light source in the field of view, the direction of the observer’s line of sight, the illuminance level and the reflectance of the room surface Among other factors, the brightness of the light source is the most important. Therefore, limiting glare should start from the source and try to choose light sources with lower power. If it is necessary to choose high-power light sources, indirect lighting should be adopted.

 

Sunlight pollution

Appropriate amount of sunlight is good for human health, but excessive light radiation can harm people’s health.

Excessive exposure of ultraviolet rays in the sun can cause solar dermatitis, causing redness, swelling, blisters, burning, itching or pain in the affected area; when the condition is severe, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as physical discomfort, fever, nausea, and rapid heartbeat; long-term Excessive sun exposure can cause chronic damage and induce skin cancer. Therefore, for the sake of health, we should control the amount of sunlight and prevent sunlight pollution.

 

Light pollution

In recent years, night lighting has emerged in major cities in China. At night, the city is brightly lit, neon lights are dazzling, floodlights are as bright as daylight, and even the trees are covered with colorful lights. In order to keep up with the “situation”, some residential communities have also launched night lighting. High-power floodlights are placed on the outer walls and the lights enter the homes. This makes it difficult for people to fall asleep at night, disturbs the normal biological clock of the human body, and causes low work efficiency during the day. Affected physical health. In addition to people, excessive artificial lighting can also affect the growth and reproduction of animals and plants, and damage urban ecology. Therefore, be cautious about night lighting.

Preventive Measures

First of all, pollution sources should be eliminated from building materials. In residential areas, there should be no use of reflective and heat-resistant building materials to avoid secondary light sources.

Secondly, in areas where light pollution is already serious, barriers can be set up, such as widely planted trees, trees can reduce the intensity of light pollution, thereby reducing the impact and harm to the human body.

In addition, the effective use of excess light radiation and converting it into usable energy is a more active approach worth promoting. Such as the collection and utilization of solar energy. Many newly built communities have installed solar collectors to provide residents with domestic hot water, which has a very good energy saving effect.

my country has not yet legislated on light pollution. With the development of society, it is necessary to formulate effective laws to improve the light pollution in modern cities. For example, restrict the use of building materials that reflect light and heat, and put forward specific improvement requirements for areas with serious light pollution, etc., so as to effectively protect people’s physical and mental health.